Forex Predictions

April 30, 2009


The Euro apparition led to an important decrease of Forex business, and the firm opened new directions, like applying for banking license or realizing regular transactions, similar to the postal service. Most traders dont like risk - they believe people that say that you can trade safely. The advantages of FOREX online system and how to choose a good one are outlined in this article. Sure, youll miss the absolute top and bottom, but no one can pick those anyway - so dont even try.

We generally do not consider these to be forex brokerage firms. Also, plain vanilla options are often the basis of forex option trading strategies known as exotic options. A trader needs to be very careful while choosing a broker. Leverage is the ratio of the money present in the account of the trader to the amount that opened the account. It deals with buying of one currency and selling of the other at the same time. The execution speed of discount brokers should also be considered, especially when you are a day trader.

You want the assurance that he/she will be able to act on your decision and access the funds needed. Many people when looking for a forex broker are overly concerned about the cost. Forex Broker Info is the sister site of Incorporating in Florida Web. But because of web-based Forex brokers individual traders now have that access as well. Brokers keep traders informed of market fluctuations, which help them to take maximum advantage of the forex market.

This alone is enough to highly recommend a Forex trading training. They do a technical analysis of market conditions and use a combination of indicators to identify trends and isolate profitable entry and exit points. In day trading, different shares are bound to undergo different resistance and support levels. Throughout the course of a month I managed to compile 23 wins and 2 loses, for a net profit of $1,219. I happened to be browsing the internet one day looking for things such as FOREX signals, automated trading signals and FOREX profits. I thought to myself, this is excellent; I am ready to begin with a live account and to trade for myself. After some though, I came out with the assumption that assuming I am the owner of a Forex signals provider, in order for my business to be in black, obviously I need some satisfying customers.

Failures, disruptions, or delays from these types of problems can happen. Another benefit of FOREX is that its size prevents almost all attempts by others to influence the market for their own gain. Pivot points take note of previous support and resistance lines as price will come back to retest these levels time and time again. Before you select a forex broker, ask for his/her references. A bull or a bear market does not affect the Forex market.
Learn more about Forex Predicions | Forex Advisory | Mercado Forex

Why Is Estate Tax Planning So Important

April 30, 2009


There are many reasons that make an estate plan very important. When you are unable to take decisions regarding your healthcare due to illness or accident there needs to be someone who can legally take such decisions on your behalf. Alternatively, if you require long-term care, which is not covered by medical insurance, you have to make alternative arrangements beforehand. There may be many responsibilities that would need to be performed in case of your incapacity or death. Your estate plan can cover all arrangements in case of the above-mentioned eventualities. To find out how it can do this, read on.

a) Planning for incapacity:- It is important to have arrangements that can ensure that you are taken care of in the event of your incapacity. To do this

. Make a living will:- This legal instrument documents your intentions about using life-sustaining measures when you are in a state of terminal illness. It expressly states your wish in this regard and acts as a bar for anyone to speak on your behalf.

. Prepare a health care power of attorney:- This document is to authorize a specific person to decide upon your healthcare measures when you fall in an unconscious or vegetative state or are unable to take your own health care decisions on account of any other reason(s). Laws in all states are not uniform on this issue but many state laws can permit you to include instructions about continuing or withholding life-sustaining care in this document.

. Buy Insurance for long-term care:- As things presently stand, health insurance does not cover the cost of long-term care. As such, in case when such care becomes necessary it is your spouse or other family members who have to foot the bill. The remedy is to take out a long-term insurance policy.

. Form a revocable living trust:- A revocable living trust will enable you to appoint a trustee who can succeed you in order to manage the trust when you cannot do this due to injury or illness/death and avoid any probate court guardianship issues.

. Create a durable power of attorney:- This a legal document that lets you appoint an ‘attorney-in-fact’ or ‘agent’ who can perform various responsibilities on your behalf. There are many responsibilities involving banking transactions, safety deposit boxes, insurance claim settlements, filing of tax returns, matters related to government benefits, purchase, sale and management of real estate etc. that have legal implications. The durable power of attorney will vest your agent with authority to carry out all the work on your behalf, legally.

b) Avoiding probate:- You can avoid you heirs going through harrowing probate proceedings, which are also very costly and can consume a big part of your estate in legal costs and fees. ‘Transfer on death accounts’ avoid probate proceedings letting you maintain sole ownership of assets as long as you are alive. Designate beneficiaries for annuities, individual retirement accounts, life insurance, and retirement plans. Note that these designations have precedence over other claims arising out of trusts, wills etc. Revocable living trusts also help avoiding probates as your trustee takes charge to manage/distribute your property in accordance to your wishes in the event of your death or incapacity. Titling your assets as ‘joint ownership with rights of survivorship’ can also avoid probate.

c) Forming charitable trusts or making gifts to charity:- Depending on your goals, you can make gifts of IRAs, retirement plans, annuities, make charity a beneficiary to life insurance benefits or establish a charitable trust(s). There are ways through which you can avoid estate tax, capital gains tax, get a reduction on income tax payable etc. along with receiving lifetime income from assets that are to be distributed to charity after your death.

d) Avoiding estate tax burden:- Form other trusts to eliminate/mitigate estate tax payable by your heirs:- You can form bypass trusts, A/B trusts or other types of trusts to ensure that your heirs are not burdened by avoidable estate taxes. Your estate tax consultant will be able to guide you how to go about this.
Sacramento CPA firms offers Estate Tax Planning to individuals and businesses. We have former IRS auditors who know the system to make sure you only get the best advice. Discover a bevy or articles at : http://www.april15.com.

Do Not Lose Your Shirt With a Margin Account

April 29, 2009


The key to the FOREX market for the average investor is the margin. Without margin trading currency trading would be beyond most investors. I will explain what the margin is and how it works.
When you have a margin account you are able to control large amounts of currency with a relatively small cash deposit. When you have a margin account with a broker you are in effect borrowing money from the broker to control a larger lot of currency. Currency is normally sold in lots with a value of $100,000. A common term used when discussing margin accounts is leverage. Leverage is how much you can control with a certain amount of money. The leverage is usually displayed as a ration such as 1:100. That would allow you to control currency worth 100 times the amount of money you have invested.
To better explain this in a FOREX exchange with a 1% margin account you could control $100,000 worth of a currency while only investing $1000. Margin accounts can allow you to greatly increase your profit; they also allow you to increase your risk. With a margin account it is possible for a trader to lose more than their initial investment. With a little prudence though losses can be minimized. Most brokers will terminate a trade before the losses exceed the original deposit.

Benefits
As discussed before a margin account allows you to buy more with the money you have which can greatly increase your profit on successful trades. By controlling a $100,000 worth of currency for only $1000 the potential gain is greater. When dealing with large lots of currency even small changes can produce significant results.
Currency on the FOREX market is traded in far more precise units than actual cash is. As an example the American dollar is traded down to four decimal points. So when you were to quote the dollar against another currency you will see a price like $1.7834 instead of $1.78. A PIP is the smallest unit when trading currencies, when dealing with $100,000 lots then each pip is worth about $10.
If the price of the American dollar changes from $1.7834 to $1.7934, you have a net difference of 100 pips. If you have a lot of $100,000 then that 100 pips will translate to $1000 where as if you were not using the margin your original $1000 would only show a profit of $10. Hardly what most would consider a highly profitable trade?
In short the primary benefit of using a margin account is that it can greatly increase the profit margin of a trade.

Risks
Since there is such a significant increase in profit potential when using a margin account it only stands to reason that there is also an increase. In fact it is quite possible to have your entire margin account wiped out fairly quickly. When using a 1% margin account a shift in the currency of a single penny will cost you $1000.
The FOREX exchange has many safety features to help you reduce the risk of this happening. One example is a stop loss order. A stop loss order will automatically close out your position in a currency if the price crosses the point you have set. This allows you to limit your losses while still having the opportunity to realize a profit.
Another risk that many people overlook is that if the price nears the point where your losses are close to being equal to the value of your margin account your broker may close out your position. If you were trying to rid out a temporary downturn that you expect to turn around soon you could find that your broker has closed it causing you to lose your entire balance and have no option to make a profit if the price moves up again.

This is a basic introduction to margin accounts and how they work, visit the website listed below to learn more about the FOREX market.
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Using A Real Estate Attorney in For Sale By Owner Transactions

April 29, 2009


Even though you are selling your home without an agent, the assistance of a professional is still needed at various steps in the home selling process. The requirement of a real estate attorney depends on the laws in your state. Even if you live in a state where a real estate attorney is not needed, as a for sale by owner seller, it will still be beneficial for you to use one.

An attorney can serve many purposes in the housing transaction. When you hire an attorney that specialized in real estate, that attorney is responsible for seeing that your best interests are met in the housing transaction. An attorney can act as the escrow agent by holding down payments, documentation, and earnest money deposits. Not only that, the attorney can help you decipher and evaluate complicated offers you might receive from a buyer. In the event that the lenders attorney does not handle the closing, your attorney will host and handle the closing. If the lenders attorney does handle the closing, then your real attorney will represent you in the process.

Your primary concern should be to find a real estate attorney that will provide you with assistance you need in the housing transaction. You can use a local or internet directory to find the names of some attorneys in your area. Asking friends or family who have recently sold homes for references is another way that you can find an attorney to assist you. If there are neighbors with for sale signs in their yards, you can casually inquire about the attorney they are using. Hiring an attorney that comes as a reference is often better than cold calling attorneys.

As you look for an attorney to hire, you should choose one that works primarily with real estate transactions. Avoid choosing a criminal or family law attorney that handles real estate transactions on the side. Your interests will not be best served by an attorney that does not spend a significant part of his or her time in real estate transactions. Certainly do not hire an attorney that has never worked in real estate.

Along with experience in real estate transactions, price will be the other factor you use to choose a real estate attorney. The attorney you hire will have two major responsibilities: reading and advising you on documents and representing you at closing. Get a price quote from prospective attorneys on those two tasks. You can get a discount from the attorney by letting him or her know that you will be preparing and filling out some of the documentation. Shop around among several attorneys to get a feel for experience level and price charged.

The most important thing is that you have a real estate professional available to assist you through the transaction. Even if you have successfully sold a for sale by owner home before, it is better to have legal assistance than to attempt to complete the process on your own.
T. J. Madigan has been established in online business since 1998 and is director of a number of successful online projects. Take advantage of our Free For Sale By Owner Real Estate Directory at www.Home-Sale.com.au.

Tips On How To Cut Your Monthly Expenditures

April 28, 2009


Money can certainly be tight for many of us, and most of us could use a few tips on how to cut down our monthly bills. While not all tips will ever work for anyone, a number of these can be used by most - that means that there should be something here you can use. Here are a few ideas on how to cut down on your monthly expenses.

1. Combine Your Credit Cards

Most credit cards have a rather high interest rate on them - at least anything is high if it is greater than 0% APR interest. Many credit card offers will now give you 0% APR interest rates for balance transfers and give you great savings each month. All credit card offers are not equal, though, so you should do a little comparison shopping in order to get a good one. If you cannot get a credit card with this level of interest, then try to get one for as low a level as you can get. Also, watch out for balance transfer fees.

2. Comparison Shop

Rather than doing impulse buying, you will usually save a considerable amount of money by looking around for those better deals. This may mean it takes a little more time to shop, but it will help your bottom dollar line. By saving money on good deals, however, should mean that you may have a little more money at the end of each month to either put into savings, or, pay a little extra on those bills to reduce your debt. Much comparison shopping, as you know, can be done on the Internet - and save you some gas money, too.

3. Reduce Your Bills

While this may sound like it is so easy, it may not be for some. Some ways, however, that many can begin to save even more money is by cutting back their thermostat one or two degrees. That little bit can really add up over a year. Another way may be to take that new car and trade it in for a good used one - one that might get a little better gas mileage, too. Other bills that could be reduced may be your Internet service providers (which can be obtained for as little as $6.95), cable TV, and maybe even your car insurance could give you more savings if you increase your deductible.

4. Eat At Home More

Another great expense in many homes is the frequency of eating out. It obviously costs more to eat at a fast food restaurant than it does at home. Besides, it is healthier to eat a balanced home cooked meal than you will ever get at any fast food chain. Another thing that will help is if you plan your menus, and don’t go food shopping when you are hungry. By eating at home more often, it could be possible to save as much as $20 to $30 each week - something that you could put into savings, or use to help reduce your debt in other areas. And another thing, eating at home more could give everyone a little more family time, too.

5. Know Where Your Money Is Going

Most homes have no real idea of where every penny goes. If you keep track of every penny for about two or three weeks, you will know. But as you look over the things you spend money on each week, you may conclude that a lot of money was spent on things that you could have done without. Knowledge, someone said, is power, and knowing where your money is actually going will help you make some wise corrections.

As you become more conscious about where your money is going, and start to make more informed choices about your expenditures, you will soon find other ways to save even more. It all starts with making yourself conscious of where it is going, and knowing what do you want and need to do with it.
Joe Kenny writes for the Credit Card Guide, offering views on credit cards in the UK, visit them today for some great 0% balance transfer offers and start clearing credit card debt today.

Getting Started In Real Estate Investing

April 28, 2009


Education in real estate is relatively easy and cheaper to find. There are those who have thorough knowledge about the subject, go on to teaching and organize courses on it. However, it has been a tried and tested theory that if someone wants to be successful, they would have to learn the intricacies of the trade from someone who is more successful than them.

If you want to be a successful real investor, you will have to indulge in a lot of planning. Almost every successful investor has a game plan. The educated investors, who rely only on theory, know how to go about deals, but they have no clue about where the deals are going or why they are being pursued. They randomly chase the opportunities.

By planning, investors take responsibility of their life, finances, expenses and actions. These actions could be the major reason for the success of an investor. Following are some of the actions:

Controlling Debt

Controlling debts means paying debts as soon as possible. Debt tends to become the master of the person and causes sleepless nights, forcing people to hold on to their jobs and do things they would not otherwise do. There are people who stop stashing debts. They dont buy cards and other consumer items or spend on things, unless they have cash for it. There are some who even scale back their lifestyles. Some even move into apartments and some people give up their luxurious lifestyles for sometime, so that they can pursue their dreams. These are people who plan to pay off their debts and do not to accumulate any more.

Knowing What One Wants From Life

It is not common to meet people who know exactly what they want from life. There are many, who have no clue about their lives and some come up with answers like, I would like to make $200,000 per annum or I would like to have $6 million in my bank. When the very same people are asked why, all they can answer is Because I want it. These dreams of wanting something die away when something else tops the want list. People are under this wrong notion that having or making a lot of money would solve all their troubles and offer them a life they always wanted. Over time, society has brandished this idea, making it surreal, yet unbelievable. When people dont know what they are doing, money would make them feel miserable. However, a plan and some money could set them free.

Ability to Focus

Real estate investors have a mindset to be successful quickly. Seldom do people make a plan for being financially free in forty years. Two or three are a common thing. However, the good news is that two or three years could possibly change your life, if you have a certain direction and planning. Without the two, all your years of hard work could go down the drain. Generally, investors who focus find a niche in real estate investment, churn out good profits.
Real Estate Investments are now easy with Realnet USA’s step by step Real Estate Investing process. We help you find your Real Estate Investment, to view live inventory please visit http://www.realnetusa.com.

Dealing with Fraud in Real Estate Purchase in Alberta

April 27, 2009


The Real Estate Council of Alberta has resolved to take the issue of fraud very seriously. It is a fact that of late many Alberta residents have been victimized by mortgage fraud upon being lured by promises of big returns. There have also been cases where some person has quite unknowingly allowed a fraudulent act to become a part of their action which has given shape to the plan of some fraud mastermind.

Mortgage fraud and the victims of fraud in real estate purchase

Mortgage fraud is defined as the material misstatement, misrepresentation or omission that is relied upon by an underwriter or lender for funding, purchasing or insuring a mortgage loan. The misstatement, misrepresentation or omission refers to the lies as also the white lies. In case a lender makes an advancement of mortgage money while telling any small lie regarding the borrower’s income, property value, intended use of property etc. then a mortgage fraud is said to have occurred.

Common victims of fraud are those who have purchased real estate whose values have been over inflated by a series of fraudulent transactions. In this way several consumers have had incurred huge financial losses and their credit ratings have been damaged.

Dealing with real estate related fraud in Alberta

This is a crime and you need be informed and armed beforehand to effectively combat the damaging influence of mortgage fraud. You need to beware when approached for opting for any scheme set to help make quick and easy money in real estate. Caution needs to be observed when your name is being taken down for credit purposes or when you are being asked to create or alter certain documents in a real estate or mortgage transaction. If you are suspecting that you can get involved in a fraudulent transaction then you ought to immediately report such suspicions to the Real Estate Council of Alberta (RECA) for them to take suitable action.

In an effort to reduce mortgage fraud relating to the real estate market of Alberta, Canada the RECA has taken up several initiatives-

- Efforts have been made to bring about a change in the industry by introducing mandatory mortgage fraud awareness course, improved investigative resources and processes, stronger sanctions against licensees involved in mortgage fraud and development of ongoing education processes incorporating mortgage fraud identification knowledge.

- There have been collaboration endeavors with other stakeholders and enactment of legislative changes and information sharing efforts extended.

- There has been made efforts to increase public awareness.
These will hopefully work towards curbing mortgage frauds to a desirable extent and make the investment in real estate in Alberta less risky.
Jason Uvios writes about on Dealing with Fraud in Real Estate Purchase in Alberta to visit :- real estate in alberta, alberta nursing homes and low cost seniors housing 2b lethbridge alberta

Real Estate Investments And Uncle Sam

April 27, 2009


Deductions in the property taxes that are paid on an individuals personal primary house and mortgage interest are one of the best tax breaks that have been provided by the US Tax Code. More than 66% of Americans are taking advantage of the benefits that this tax break offers. If you are buying a house for the first time with the purpose of occupying it, it can mean thousands of dollars in tax savings. For instance, residents of a particular community earn more than 100,000 dollars per year.

Now assume that a homebuyer will purchase a typical house in that area within the community at a purchase price of 600,000 dollars and finance the purchase with a conventional 30 years fixed rate loan, with an interest rate of 6.25%. The new owner of the house comes into the 25% tax bracket. He or she will have a tax deduction on an annual basis on the mortgage interest of around 30,000 dollars per year and annual property tax deduction of 7,500 dollars! In this way, the new owner can save approximately 9,375 dollars in a year.

Besides the annual tax breaks there is another additional tax break that is being offered to homeowners when they decide to sell the house. If you want to, you can avoid the taxes on the profit that you will be making but this will depend a lot on your circumstances.

Few years back in order to avoid the tax payment on the sale of a house, the homeowners used the sale proceeds for buying another house. Some changes were brought in to the law in 1997 so that approximately 250,000 dollars in sales profit or gain is made free from taxes, if the homeowner owned the property for at least two years and stayed in it for more than 2 years before the house is sold. If you have not lived in your property for 2 to 5 years even though you own the house, you do not qualify for this benefit. If you sell your house before you meet the ownership and requirements of residence, you owe the government tax on any profit that you will be making.

If the sale takes place due to some changes in the health of the owner, employment or otherwise, the IRS can provide some tax relief and in this situation the tax-free gain amount would be prorated. There was a ruling by the IRS in 2002 by which more dollars can be added into the pocket of the homeowners when they sell before they qualify for the full tax break. Some unforeseen circumstances have also been defined by the Treasury under which the homeowners can get some relief from taxes. These circumstances include divorce, death, legal separations, and loss of job or any change in employment. You should seek good advice on tax matters from any tax professional before buying because this will make a lot of difference in decision related to the kind of property you should, invest in.
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Low Interest Rate Mortgages Do They Exist

April 27, 2009


Whether you want to obtain a credit card, loan, or mortgage, you will have to deal with interest rates. Unfortunately, interest rates can turn something that would otherwise be affordable into something that no longer is. To combat this problem, you are encouraged to search for low interest rates.

Obtaining a low interest rate, especially with a mortgage, is often easier said than done. As a potential homeowner, you have little control over the rate which you are being offered. This is why many individuals believe that low rate mortgages do not exist. Despite that belief, it is still possible to obtain a low interest rate mortgage.

If you are interested in obtaining a low interest rate mortgage, you will need to be prepared to do a little bit of research. You will have to find lenders that specialize in low interest rate mortgages. They are out there, but it may take a little bit of time to find them. In addition to finding low rate lenders, you may also want to examine and possibly improve your credit.

If you are wondering what your credit has to do with obtaining a low interest rate mortgage, you are not alone. Many believe that the interest rate is solely decided by the lender that they are seeking to obtain a mortgage from. While it is true that your financial lender will have the deciding say in what your interest rate will be, your credit can have an impact as well.

Mortgage lenders often have a preset interest range that they are allowed to charge. This preset range is often implemented by the government to keep the cost of owning a home affordable. Mortgage lenders, like all other financial lenders, are a little bit leery of doing business with an individual that has a low credit rating. To offer themselves security, they tend to charge those with poor credit a higher rate. This is not always the case, but a large number of lenders operate this way.

The good news about your credit is that you can improve it. If you know that you would like to buy a home in the future, you are encouraged to examine your credit. If you find anything that is unpaid, you are encouraged to pay it as soon as possible. In addition to having an impact on your interest rate, an improved credit score may even increase the amount of money that you are able to have to purchase a home.

Since interest rates vary and depend on a number of factors, you may want to do a little bit of comparison. The interest rate being advertised may not necessarily be the one that you will be offered. To receive an exact rate, you may be required to provide a mortgage lender with a little bit of information. Once they take your credit, your current financial situation, and the amount of money you are requesting into consideration they should be able to determine what the interest rate of your mortgage will be.

Once you have examined the rates from a number of mortgage lenders, you can easily compare your findings. If you are seeking a low interest rate mortgage, you will want to go with the lender who is offering you the lowest interest rate. It may take a little bit of time to compile all of this information together, but the amount of money you save on interest may be worth it in the end.
Joe Kenny writes for the Credit Card Guide, offering views on credit cards in the UK, visit them today for some great 0% balance transfer offers and start clearing credit card debt today.

Investment Scams and How to Avoid Them

April 26, 2009


Most people, especially those new to the investment arena, do not realize there are a number of common scams which are used to victimize investors each year.

The misconception about investing scams is that most smart investors believe they will “know one when they see one” - this is simply not true. Especially in the modern marketplace were criminals have all the resources of the world wide web to create realistic investing schemes which capture the investors attention as well as their money.

The anonymity of the world wide web is a breeding ground for scam artists targeting individuals who so desperately want to get rich quick. Many of these criminals will set up web pages with news letters, forums, and prospectus for companies which do not even exist.

These sites are design with information including success stories from other investors. This is used to lure new investors in. By following un-research claims an investor can easily lose his investments, retirement, and education funds.

Remember professional investors live by the mantra that customers buy products but investors buy securities. Do not be lured in but what merely sounds good. The key is to keep a keen ear for what sounds and is valuable. Major red flags include the use of emotional and subjective words in combination with an investing recommendation.

If you become interested in a stock there are several ways to check if it is a valid stock tip or not. The first place to start is research the company that the stock is for. Take a look at their financial statements to get an idea of how well the company is doing by checking both income and debts. If both of those are in order call the company and speak with human resources. Ask them to validate th claims in the newsletter, email or web page are true. These are great ways to check if a stock tip is fact or fiction.

Another great place to look for information about a specific company is the SEC. Public companies must register with and file yearly reports to the SEC to document their growth and development.

These reports are thoroughly checked to make sure they are truthful and accurate. This helps not only to confirm if you have a valid investment but will also document if the company’s profits are going to continue to increase or decrease.

Access to the SEC and public companies can easily be found on the world web wide. If the advertisements claim to have certain investors feel free to call those companies and confirm their investments and their satisfaction with the company.

Many scam artists will use high profile company names to make the document more alluring to potential investing victims.

Additionally the NASD can be contacted. This organization helps states’ regulate securities and has all the information needed to verify if a company is real or not.

Only through being an aggressive and educated investor can you utilize your money to it’s fullest potential. Take the time to do the research, ask the questions, and if something feels funny, go with your gut.

There are plenty of real investing opportunities out there if you take the time to look.
More Articles & Tutorials and a Free Investing For The Beginner E-Course at http://www.Global-Investment-Institute.com

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U.S. Government Required Disclaimer - Options trading has large potential rewards, but also large potential risk. You must be aware of the risks and be willing to accept them in order to invest in the options markets. Don't trade with money you can't afford to lose. This website is neither a solicitation nor an offer to Buy/Sell options. No representation is being made that any account will or is likely to achieve profits or losses similar to those discussed on this website. The past performance of any trading system or methodology is not necessarily indicative of future results.

HYPOTHETICAL OR SIMULATED PERFORMANCE RESULTS HAVE CERTAIN LIMITATIONS. UNLIKE AN ACTUAL PERFORMANCE RECORD, SIMULATED RESULTS DO NOT REPRESENT ACTUAL TRADING. ALSO, SINCE THE TRADES HAVE NOT BEEN EXECUTED, THE RESULTS MAY HAVE UNDER-OR-OVER COMPENSATED FOR THE IMPACT, IF ANY, OF CERTAIN MARKET FACTORS, SUCH AS LACK OF LIQUIDITY. SIMULATED TRADING PROGRAMS IN GENERAL ARE ALSO SUBJECT TO THE FACT THAT THEY ARE DESIGNED WITH THE BENEFIT OF HINDSIGHT. NO REPRESENTATION IS BEING MADE THAT ANY ACCOUNT WILL OR IS LIKELY TO ACHIEVE PROFIT OR LOSSES SIMILAR TO THOSE SHOWN.